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Inside This Article
1.
Introduction to How Automatic Transmissions Work
2.
Planetary Gearsets & Gear Ratios
3.
Compound Planetary Gearset
4.
Automatic Transmission Gears
5.
Clutches and Bands in an Automatic Transmission
6.
When You Put the Car in Park

7.
Automatic Transmissions: Hydraulics, Pumps and the Governor
8.
Automatic Transmissions: Valves and Modulators
9.
Electronically Controlled Transmissions
10.
Lots More Information
11.
See all Under the Hood articles


If you have ever driven a car with an automatic transmission, then you know that there are two big differences between an automatic transmission and a manual transmission:

• There is no clutch pedal in an automatic transmission car.
• There is no gear shift in an automatic transmission car. Once you put the transmission into drive, everything else is automatic.

Both the automatic transmission (plus its torque converter) and a manual transmission (with its clutch) accomplish exactly the same thing, but they do it in totally different ways. It turns out that the way an automatic transmission does it is absolutely amazing!

Automatic Transmission Image Gallery

Location of the automatic transmission. See more automatic transmission pictures.

In this article, we'll work our way through an automatic transmission. We'll start with the key to the whole system: planetary gearsets. Then we'll see how the transmission is put together, learn how the controls work and discuss some of the intricacies involved in controlling a transmission.
Just like that of a manual transmission, the automatic transmission's primary job is to allow the engine to operate in its narrow range of speeds while providing a wide range of output speeds.


Photo courtesy DaimlerChrysler
Mercedes-Benz CLK, automatic transmission, cut-away model
Without a transmission, cars would be limited to one gear ratio, and that ratio would have to be selected to allow the car to travel at the desired top speed. If you wanted a top speed of 80 mph, then the gear ratio would be similar to third gear in most manual transmission cars.
You've probably never tried driving a manual transmission car using only third gear. If you did, you'd quickly find out that you had almost no acceleration when starting out, and at high speeds, the engine would be screaming along near the red-line. A car like this would wear out very quickly and would be nearly undriveable.
So the transmission uses gears to make more effective use of the engine's torque, and to keep the engine operating at an appropriate speed.
The key difference between a manual and an automatic transmission is that the manual transmission locks and unlocks different sets of gears to the output shaft to achieve the various gear ratios, while in an automatic transmission, the same set of gears produces all of the different gear ratios. The planetary gearset is the device that makes this possible in an automatic transmission.
Let's take a look at how the planetary gearset works.





NEXT

Inside This Article
1.
Introduction to How Automatic Transmissions Work
2.
Planetary Gearsets & Gear Ratios
3.
Compound Planetary Gearset
4.
Automatic Transmission Gears
5.
Clutches and Bands in an Automatic Transmission
6.
When You Put the Car in Park

7.
Automatic Transmissions: Hydraulics, Pumps and the Governor
8.
Automatic Transmissions: Valves and Modulators
9.
Electronically Controlled Transmissions
10.
Lots More Information
11.
See all Under the Hood articles

تلفى الشرح على دي الصفحة ..
Howstuffworks "How Automatic Transmissions Work"

Inside This Article
1.
Introduction to How Anti-Lock Brakes Work
2.
The ABS System
3.
Anti-Lock Brake Types

4.
ABS Questions
5.
Lots More Information
6.
See all Under the Hood articles


Stopping a car in a hurry on a slippery road can be very challenging. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) take a lot of the challenge out of this sometimes nerve-wracking event. In fact, on slippery surfaces, even professional drivers can't stop as quickly without ABS as an average driver can with ABS.

Anti-Lock Brake Image Gallery

Location of anti-lock brake components. See more anti-lock brake images.
In this article, the last in a six-part series on brakes, we'll learn all about anti-lock braking systems -- why you need them, what's in them, how they work, some of the common types and some associated problems.

تلقى باقي الشرح على دي الصفحة ..

Howstuffworks "How Anti-Lock Brakes Work"

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